Northrop Grumman Establishes Directed Energy Systems Unit
Northrop Grumman has established a new business area - Directed Energy Systems - to help transition high-energy laser systems from the laboratory to warfighters, the most advanced of which will be able to engage mortars, rockets, artillery and other threats to protect U.S. and allied military and civilian populations and assets.
Established at the company's Space Technology sector, DES positions the company to better take advantage of upcoming opportunities in directed energy applications.
In 2004, the Airborne Laser (ABL) program achieved 'first light' of the Northrop Grumman-built, megawatt-class laser, and the Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL) testbed proved its versatility by repeatedly shooting down mortars and large-caliber rockets in-flight.
"Because of the recent successes in proving the technology and engineering behind high-energy lasers, we believe the time has come to put these speed-of-light defensive capabilities into the hands of our warfighters," said Alexis Livanos, president of Northrop Grumman Space Technology.
"Northrop Grumman's high-energy laser and active protection expertise will help our nation create operational systems for both today and the future. We have world-class technology and an unparalleled team of experts in this field.
"By leveraging those assets with the breadth of Northrop Grumman's related capabilities in platforms, systems integration and other directed-energy technologies, we provide a tremendous asset to our government customers in addressing our nation's battlefield and area defense needs," Livanos added.
Art Stephenson, a 28-year company veteran and former director of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, has been named vice president of the DES unit.
Stephenson, 62, is responsible for Northrop Grumman's work on chemical lasers, solid-state lasers and rocket-based engagement systems. Chemical laser programs include the ABL and the THEL testbed.
Solid-state lasers include the Joint High Power Solid-State Laser and the Strategic Illuminator Laser. Rocket-based engagement systems include the Active Protection System - a radar-commanded, point-and-shoot system that can detect, track, intercept and defeat threats at a distance sufficient enough to ensure combat vehicles' survival on the battlefield.
The new business area includes affiliates Cutting Edge Optronics in St. Charles, Mo., and SYNOPTICS in Charlotte, N.C., both of which produce laser materials and components.
"Our work on chemical lasers as part of the THEL program has produced derivatives that are ready for deployment," Stephenson said.
"These lasers are the pathfinders to the military's use of directed energy to defend against the variety of attacks we're seeing today. While chemical lasers offer a starting point for incorporating directed energy weapons into security and combat operations, our solid-state lasers, though less powerful than chemical lasers today, offer our customers the promise of more flexible, ubiquitous and mobile defense systems for future years," Stephenson added.
He further noted the company continues to make significant strides in its development of solid-state lasers.
"Northrop Grumman is a leading supplier of the solid-state lasers used daily by our military to perform designation and range finding. Higher-power Northrop Grumman solid-state illuminator lasers, such as the Beacon Illuminator Laser for ABL, are being used now. The Strategic Illuminator Laser is only a few years away. As we look forward to weapons systems, those using very high-power lasers could be deployed in six to nine years," Stephenson explained.
Northrop Grumman is developing high-energy laser systems for ground, sea, air and space applications, including the U.S. Army's THEL, which has shot down more than four dozen targets, ranging from Katyusha rockets to artillery shells, large-caliber rockets and mortar threats, as well as the laser for the U.S. Missile Defense Agency's Airborne Laser program.
2005-02-09
2005-02-06
Induced Seismicity
Tsunami Earthquake Disaster Causes: Facts And Speculations - Robin Good' Sharewood Tidings
Nikolaev NI: On the state of study of induced earthquakes, related with industrial activity. In: An influence of industrial activity on the seismic regime. - Moscow : Nauka, 1977 (in Russian).
Gupta H, Rastogi B: Dams and earthquakes. - New York : Elsevier Scientific Publishing, 1976.
Pasechnik IP: Earthquakes induced by underground nuclear explosions. In: An influence of industrial activity on the seismic regime. - Moscow : Nauka, 1977: 142-152 (in Russian).
Simpson DW: Triggered Earthquakes. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet Sci. 14 (1986): 21-42.
Nicholson C, Wesson RL: Earthquake hazard associated with deep well injection : a report to the US Environmental Protection Agency. US Geological Survey Bulletin 1951 (1990).
Milne WG, Berry MJ: Induced Seismicity in Canada. Engineering Geology 10 (1976): 219-226.
Grasso J-R: Mechanics of Seismic Instabilities Induced by the Recovery of Hydrocarbons. Pure Appl. Geophys. 139, no. 3/4 (1992): 507-534.2.
Bolt B: Earthquakes : a primer. - San Francisco : Freeman, 1978.3.
Guha SK, Patil DN: Large water-reservoir related induced seismicity. In Knoll P (ed): Induced Seismicity. - Rotterdam : Balkema, 1992: 243-266.4.
Evans DM: Man-made earthquakes in Denver. Geotimes 10, no. 9 (May-June 1966): 11-18.8.
Raleigh CB, Healy JH, Bredehoeft JD: An experiment in earthquake control at Rangely, Colorado. Science 191, no. 4233 (March 1976): 1230-1237.9.
Sadovsky MA, Kocharyan GG, Rodionov VN: On the mechanics of block rock massif. Report of the Academy of Sciences of USSR 302, no. 2 (1988): 193-197 (in Russian).
Rodionov VN, Sizov IA, Kocharyan GG: On the modeling of natural objects in geomechanics. In: Discrete properties of geophysical medium. - Moscow : Nauka, 1989: 14-18 (in Russian).
Believe nothing merely because you have been told it or because it is traditional or because you yourself imagined it
Do not believe what your teacher tells you
merely out of respect for the teacher
But whatever, after due examination and analysis,
you find to be conducive to the good,
the benefit of all beings,
that doctrine believe and cling to
and take it as your guide.
Buddha (563?-483? BC),
[Siddhartha Gautama]
Indian mystic, founder of Buddhism
Nikolaev NI: On the state of study of induced earthquakes, related with industrial activity. In: An influence of industrial activity on the seismic regime. - Moscow : Nauka, 1977 (in Russian).
Gupta H, Rastogi B: Dams and earthquakes. - New York : Elsevier Scientific Publishing, 1976.
Pasechnik IP: Earthquakes induced by underground nuclear explosions. In: An influence of industrial activity on the seismic regime. - Moscow : Nauka, 1977: 142-152 (in Russian).
Simpson DW: Triggered Earthquakes. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet Sci. 14 (1986): 21-42.
Nicholson C, Wesson RL: Earthquake hazard associated with deep well injection : a report to the US Environmental Protection Agency. US Geological Survey Bulletin 1951 (1990).
Milne WG, Berry MJ: Induced Seismicity in Canada. Engineering Geology 10 (1976): 219-226.
Grasso J-R: Mechanics of Seismic Instabilities Induced by the Recovery of Hydrocarbons. Pure Appl. Geophys. 139, no. 3/4 (1992): 507-534.2.
Bolt B: Earthquakes : a primer. - San Francisco : Freeman, 1978.3.
Guha SK, Patil DN: Large water-reservoir related induced seismicity. In Knoll P (ed): Induced Seismicity. - Rotterdam : Balkema, 1992: 243-266.4.
Evans DM: Man-made earthquakes in Denver. Geotimes 10, no. 9 (May-June 1966): 11-18.8.
Raleigh CB, Healy JH, Bredehoeft JD: An experiment in earthquake control at Rangely, Colorado. Science 191, no. 4233 (March 1976): 1230-1237.9.
Sadovsky MA, Kocharyan GG, Rodionov VN: On the mechanics of block rock massif. Report of the Academy of Sciences of USSR 302, no. 2 (1988): 193-197 (in Russian).
Rodionov VN, Sizov IA, Kocharyan GG: On the modeling of natural objects in geomechanics. In: Discrete properties of geophysical medium. - Moscow : Nauka, 1989: 14-18 (in Russian).
Believe nothing merely because you have been told it or because it is traditional or because you yourself imagined it
Do not believe what your teacher tells you
merely out of respect for the teacher
But whatever, after due examination and analysis,
you find to be conducive to the good,
the benefit of all beings,
that doctrine believe and cling to
and take it as your guide.
Buddha (563?-483? BC),
[Siddhartha Gautama]
Indian mystic, founder of Buddhism
Motive for Tsunami Attack
BlameBush!: Bush's Lust for Oil Claims 24,000 More Lives
April 12, 2001. After the Indonesian government condemns Bush's Iraq policy, The World Bank (at which George H. W. Bush once had a savings account) cancels a $300 million loan to Indonesia, destroying the tiny nation's fragile economy and condemning millions to a slow death by starvation.
October 30, 2001: In an act reminiscent of the Boston Tea Party, a group of romantic freedom fighters known as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) attack and sink an oil tanker off the coast of Sri Lanka. Millions of gallons of petrol are dumped into the sea. Enron CEO Jeff skilling resigns as stocks plummet 89%. Halliburton stock drops 67%. A federal investigation is launched into the financial activities of both companies.
July 24, 2002: Sri Lankan Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe meets with U.S. peeResident George W. Bush in Washington to apologize for the loss of the oil, and to seek his support in the eradication of the peaceloving Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
October 22, 2003. Bush visits Indonesia, home of the world's largest Muslim population, under the guise of offering the nation education funding in return for support in his War on Terror. In secret, he strikes a deal with President Megawati to construct a pipeline from his oil rich country to refineries in Sri Lanka. In return, the World Bank would secure a loan for the developing country in the amount of $300 million.
July 17, 2004. Halliburton Indonesia is awarded a three year contract to provide temperature setting technology for oil pipelines.
November 2, 2004: Prime Minister Wickremesinghe of Sri Lanka meets with Bush and consents to the plan, but worries that the peaceloving Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam might try to sabotage the pipeline. Bush assures him that the Tigers will cease to be a problem as soon as Sri Lanka endorses his unholy "War on Terror".
November 5, 2004: The Sri Lankan Prime Minister issues gushing praise of Bush, declaring, "You have given hope to many countries in the world that are saddled with the menace of terrorism."
December 17, 2004: Indonesia, a wholly owned and operated subsidiary of Halliburton, Inc., receives a World Bank loan in the sum of $300 million.
Now all of Dumbya's ducks are in a row. Only one thing stands in his way of gaining complete control of South Asia's oil - the Nicobar Islands. If one draws a straight line from Indonesia to Sri Lanka, they'll find it dissects the southernmost tip of the Nicobar Archipelago, specifically Great Nicobar Island. India claims dominion of the Islands, yet the superior Chinese Navy has exerted influence on the surrounding waters for years. Bush may be an imperialist aggressor bent on world domination, but he won't bully someone who can fight back. So in order for his pipe-dream to be fulfilled, he'd have to either build it around the Nicobars or move the entire island of Sumatra southwest 100 feet.
December 25, 2004. An earthquake measuring 9.0 on the richter scale strikes deep in the Indian ocean, moving the entire island of Sumatra 100 feet southwest and sending 50' tidal waves crashing into Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Thousands of muslims die in Indonesia alone, saving Bush the trouble of bombing them. Thousands more perish as waves hit the poor fishing villages of Tamil, where dwell the peaceloving Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. In the wake of the disaster, thousands of Christian missionaries posing as "relief workers" descend upon South Asia to convert the survivors. Bush and his cronies, in a thinly-veiled effort to hide their involvement in the catastrophe, pledge over $15,000,000 in aid.
April 12, 2001. After the Indonesian government condemns Bush's Iraq policy, The World Bank (at which George H. W. Bush once had a savings account) cancels a $300 million loan to Indonesia, destroying the tiny nation's fragile economy and condemning millions to a slow death by starvation.
October 30, 2001: In an act reminiscent of the Boston Tea Party, a group of romantic freedom fighters known as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) attack and sink an oil tanker off the coast of Sri Lanka. Millions of gallons of petrol are dumped into the sea. Enron CEO Jeff skilling resigns as stocks plummet 89%. Halliburton stock drops 67%. A federal investigation is launched into the financial activities of both companies.
July 24, 2002: Sri Lankan Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe meets with U.S. peeResident George W. Bush in Washington to apologize for the loss of the oil, and to seek his support in the eradication of the peaceloving Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam.
October 22, 2003. Bush visits Indonesia, home of the world's largest Muslim population, under the guise of offering the nation education funding in return for support in his War on Terror. In secret, he strikes a deal with President Megawati to construct a pipeline from his oil rich country to refineries in Sri Lanka. In return, the World Bank would secure a loan for the developing country in the amount of $300 million.
July 17, 2004. Halliburton Indonesia is awarded a three year contract to provide temperature setting technology for oil pipelines.
November 2, 2004: Prime Minister Wickremesinghe of Sri Lanka meets with Bush and consents to the plan, but worries that the peaceloving Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam might try to sabotage the pipeline. Bush assures him that the Tigers will cease to be a problem as soon as Sri Lanka endorses his unholy "War on Terror".
November 5, 2004: The Sri Lankan Prime Minister issues gushing praise of Bush, declaring, "You have given hope to many countries in the world that are saddled with the menace of terrorism."
December 17, 2004: Indonesia, a wholly owned and operated subsidiary of Halliburton, Inc., receives a World Bank loan in the sum of $300 million.
Now all of Dumbya's ducks are in a row. Only one thing stands in his way of gaining complete control of South Asia's oil - the Nicobar Islands. If one draws a straight line from Indonesia to Sri Lanka, they'll find it dissects the southernmost tip of the Nicobar Archipelago, specifically Great Nicobar Island. India claims dominion of the Islands, yet the superior Chinese Navy has exerted influence on the surrounding waters for years. Bush may be an imperialist aggressor bent on world domination, but he won't bully someone who can fight back. So in order for his pipe-dream to be fulfilled, he'd have to either build it around the Nicobars or move the entire island of Sumatra southwest 100 feet.
December 25, 2004. An earthquake measuring 9.0 on the richter scale strikes deep in the Indian ocean, moving the entire island of Sumatra 100 feet southwest and sending 50' tidal waves crashing into Indonesia and Sri Lanka. Thousands of muslims die in Indonesia alone, saving Bush the trouble of bombing them. Thousands more perish as waves hit the poor fishing villages of Tamil, where dwell the peaceloving Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. In the wake of the disaster, thousands of Christian missionaries posing as "relief workers" descend upon South Asia to convert the survivors. Bush and his cronies, in a thinly-veiled effort to hide their involvement in the catastrophe, pledge over $15,000,000 in aid.
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